What is the difference between a record label and a music publisher?

A record label primarily focuses on recording, producing, and distributing music to audiences, while a music publisher manages the ownership and royalties of the underlying composition. Labels often work with recorded versions of songs, while publishers deal with the actual songwriting and lyrics. This means a record label helps artists gain exposure and fans, while a music publisher ensures they earn revenue whenever their music is used commercially. Many independent artists today choose to work directly with a publisher or a publishing administration service, even without signing to a label, as it allows them to maintain control while monetizing their music effectively.